Our programs offer supportive therapies and stepping stones to the community for people who experience challenges with access to health services and wellbeing opportunities. We work to address in small ways, the impacts of trauma, addiction, isolation and chronic ill health through a range of groups, educational programs and complementary and allied health therapies.

The Wellness Place team work across two sites – our Robe St. Premises and the Grey St. Engagement Hub. Working across two different sites enables us to bring some groups and services directly to participants in spaces that feel familiar and safe to them. We find that by offering some activities in an informal outdoor space, and others in more contained and quiet indoor spaces, a broad range of people can access and participate in our programs.

We offer multiple ways for people to participate. This could look like full bodied participation in a group, listening or watching from a distance, chatting with other participants at a communal table as they pass through, or attending an allied health or other appointment.

Our groups and therapies are sometimes a first point of contact for people who access services at Sacred Heart Mission. A positive experience of a group may lead to enquiries about other supports, whether at SHM or elsewhere. We can potentially increase the number of supports and touch points that people can utilise and call upon.

The experience of loneliness can have profound effects on physical and mental health – people who experience loneliness can experience psychological distress, depression and anxiety, and be at increased risk of suicide, self-harm and lower life expectancy. Physical health effects of loneliness can include increased risk of cardiac disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and impaired cognitive function.

We offer a number of regular, weekly groups that are held at Sacred Heart Central’s Engagement Hub.  Groups include a Music Group, Drawing Group and Music Listen and Chat group. Over the past 12 months, we have had a particular focus on art and music which offer multiple ways for people to join in, try new things, have fun in the company of others, and build confidence.

Through group work in particular, we work towards building cooperation and growing a community that can welcome diverse strengths and perspectives.

We have a monthly pop up haircutting salon where the focus is as much on the conversations and social connections as the haircuts. We know from participants’ comments after their haircuts that they walk away feeling better about themselves.

We also offer allied health appointments – optometry, osteopathy, podiatry and nutrition, as well as regular Covid-19 and flu vaccination clinics, health promotion activities such as harm reduction and overdose prevention, hearing checks, and opportunities to join community based programs that help participants build resilience and self-care skills.

Also worth mentioning is that we play a role in supporting civic participation. In the lead up to elections, the Wellness Place team facilitate access to on-site electoral enrolment and mobile voting services at the engagement hub.

We work hard to establish meaningful connections and build relationships with people who access our services. Social inclusion can mean that we are flexible enough to tailor our approach when someone is struggling to attend a scheduled appointment, for example. We joke often with service users about our many and cheerful appointment reminders – in person or over the phone, wake up calls if needed, perhaps an offer to walk someone from the Engagement Hub to the Wellness Place at Robe St, perhaps checking in with a trusted worker who can accompany the person to their appointment. These are small things but we know from experience that they make it more likely that people will take those important first steps to address health and wellbeing concerns.

Being able to read is something many of us take for granted.  Attending an optometry appointment can be life changing for someone who is having difficulty reading or moving through the community safely due to compromised vision. The cost of glasses can deter people on a low income from booking an optometry appointment. Through the Australian College of Optometry, we are able to support people to access eye tests and affordable glasses.

Social exclusion is one of the primary causes of homelessness. Homelessness can then lead to further exclusion and loss of social supports and relationships, exacerbating the impacts of loss and trauma.

We work actively but gently to engage with people who are reluctant to participate and who may have effectively disengaged and lost confidence due to trauma, social exclusion, anxiety and multiple other factors. We are persistent and sometimes cheeky, and try to communicate to people that their presence and their contribution, really matters.

Regular participants can bring to groups their skills, their enthusiasm and joy. This grows our community of people who can say to oters, come and try it – it’s really fun. Sit here – we have a space for you.

When people think about homelessness, they might not realise how many different ways it can affect someone’s life. Experiencing homelessness can impact a person’s health, money situation, and sense of safety — and these effects can last even after they find stable housing.

We can look at the effects of homelessness in three main areas: health, finances, and safety. These areas are often connected, meaning that challenges in one area can lead to problems in another.

Disadvantage and homelessness have a direct impact on an individual’s mental and physical health.  Understanding these challenges is crucial for creating better support systems and fostering empathy in our communities.

Homelessness doesn’t just mean not having a place to live; it can deeply affect a person’s mental health in many ways. When someone doesn’t know where they’ll sleep, what they’ll eat, or if they’ll be safe, this constant stress can lead to serious mental health challenges like anxiety and depression. ​

For those who already have mental health issues, lacking stable housing can make it harder to get the help they need, which might worsen their condition. ​Converge

Experiences of trauma, such as being a victim of crime, are also more common among people without stable housing, further impacting their mental well-being. ​

Social isolation, or feeling alone and without support, is another challenge that can severely affect mental health.​

Trauma can have neurological impacts, altering the functioning of the brain – National Library of Medicine

• A study found that between 91% and 100% of people experiencing homelessness had experienced at least one major trauma in their lives, whereas 57% of the general Australian population reported one major traumatic event. Sacred Heart Mission
• Another study reported that 98% of people who experienced homelessness had experienced at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, with the mean number of traumas per person being 11.8. ​Sage Journal

When we feel sick or get hurt, we usually go to a doctor, take medicine, or get help from another health professional. But what happens if you can’t access these services? For people experiencing homelessness, this is a real challenge. Minor health problems can quickly turn into serious issues. Chronic health conditions like diabetes may go untreated, and mental health struggles can sometimes lead to physical health problems too.

Hygiene and Health – We all know how important it is to shower regularly and keep our clothes clean. But if you don’t have access to showers or laundry facilities, bacteria can build up. This can cause skin irritations, infected wounds, and poor dental hygiene, which can also lead to infections. These health problems can make daily life even harder.

The Impact on Life Expectancy – Did you know that homelessness can actually make you age faster? Research shows that people experiencing homelessness in Australia have a life expectancy of just 44.5 years, compared to 77 years for the average Australian. That’s more than 30 years shorter! This is because the physical and mental stress of homelessness takes a huge toll on the body.

The Importance of Healthcare Access – Without regular access to doctors or medication, small health issues can get worse, leading to hospital stays that put extra strain on the healthcare system. 

Homelessness and financial hardship often go hand in hand. Sometimes, money problems can lead to homelessness — but once someone falls behind, it can be really hard to catch up. The full impact might not be obvious until later in life.

Struggles with Work and Savings – Health issues or getting older can make working difficult, and many people may not have enough savings or superannuation to retire comfortably. This leaves them relying on government support, such as the Age Pension, which is currently below the recommended amount for a decent standard of living. This can keep people in a cycle of disadvantage, increasing the risk of falling back into homelessness.

Breaking the Cycle 

When people don’t have enough financial support, it can lead to difficult choices — like choosing between food, rent, or medical care. Understanding how financial struggles affect different groups can help us find ways to support everyone better. By creating fairer systems and more support for those in need, we can help reduce the long-term impacts of homelessness.

It’s a common misconception that individuals experiencing homelessness are more likely to commit crimes. In reality, they are often victims rather than perpetrators, especially those sleeping rough. They may face:​

• Physical violence
  • Studies have shown that homeless individuals are 13 times more likely to experience violence compared to the general population. ​Australian institute of Criminology
• Sexual violence
  • Nearly one-tenth of homeless individuals reported experiencing sexual assault within a year. Australian institute of Criminology
• Theft of belongings
  • They are 47 times more likely to be victims of theft than those in stable housing. Australian institute of Criminology
• Harassment
  • Many face ongoing harassment, further impacting their well-being. ​

These crimes can be committed by others experiencing homelessness or by members of the public. Such traumatic experiences can severely affect both physical and mental health.​

Certain groups are disproportionately affected by crime:​

• First Nations Australians experience higher rates of violent victimization than the general population. Australian Human Rights Commission
• LGBTQ+ individuals, particularly those with disabilities, report higher rates of crime and victimisation. ​Australian Human Rights Commission

According to the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI), as of the 2016 Census, Indigenous Australians were 10 times more likely to experience homelessness compared to non-Indigenous Australians.

The “Private Lives 3” study by La Trobe University found that 34.3% of trans men, 33.8% of non-binary participants, and 31.9% of trans women reported having ever experienced homelessness. ​

• Homelessness affects many areas of life: Being homeless isn’t just about not having a home. It also impacts a person’s health, their ability to earn money, and even their safety, creating a tough cycle that is difficult to escape.
• Health, money, and safety: When someone is experiencing homelessness, it can make their health worse, make it harder to manage money, and leave them more at risk of being hurt or taken advantage of. This can all make things even harder for them.
• Mental health: Experiencing homelessness can affect a person’s mental health, especially because of the stress, trauma, and loneliness that can come with it. When people don’t feel safe or supported, it can make them feel even more isolated or worried.
• Physical health: It’s harder for people who don’t have a stable home to stay healthy. Without access to healthcare and clean places to wash, they might get sick more often, making it even harder to get better.
• Risk of harm: People who are experiencing homelessness are more likely to be hurt or treated badly by others. This can make the trauma they experience even worse, making it harder to feel safe or to trust others.
• Difficult decisions: When a person doesn’t have a home, things such as where to sleep or what to eat can become really hard to figure out. Something that might seem simple to other people can feel like a big challenge to the person experiencing homelessness.
• Long-lasting effects: Even if someone gets a home again, the impact of homelessness can still affect them for a long time. The struggles with mental health, physical health, and finances can take time to heal.
• Support from places such as The Wellness Place: The Wellness Place run by Sacred Heart Mission is an important service that helps people who are experiencing homelessness get the medical care they need. Without places like this, it would be even harder for people to stay healthy and get the help they need to support themselves.

• Chronic Health Conditions — health problems that last a long time and need ongoing care, like asthma or diabetes.
• Pneumonia — a serious illness that makes it hard to breathe because the lungs are infected.
• Preventative Health Care — medical care that helps stop health problems before they happen, such as regular check-ups or vaccines.
• Transient — moving from place to place without a permanent home.
• Disadvantage — when someone doesn’t have the same chances as others to be healthy, safe, or successful.
• Underlying — something that is not obvious at first but is causing other problems (e.g., an underlying health issue).
• Tenancy — the right to live in a house or apartment under a rental agreement.
• Optometrist — an eye doctor who helps people see better by testing their eyes and giving them glasses or contact lenses.
• Wellbeing Hub — a place where people can go to get support for their health and mental wellbeing.
• Evaluation — checking something carefully to see how well it is working or what needs to be improved.
• Collaborative — working together with others to reach a goal.
• Holistic — looking at the whole person — their physical, mental, and emotional health — instead of just one part.
• Quality of Life — how good or comfortable someone’s life is, including their health, happiness, and safety.
• Nutrition Advice — guidance on eating healthy foods to keep your body strong and healthy.
• Surviving to Thriving — going from just getting by each day to feeling healthy, happy, and stable.
• Impact — the effect or change that happens because of something.
• Access — being able to get or use something, like health care or support services.
• Support Services — organisations or people that help with things like health, housing, or finances.
• Case Manager — a person who helps someone plan and manage the support they need.
• Mental Health — how someone feels emotionally and mentally — it affects how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices.

Fact: Housing is an essential first step, but ongoing support is needed. Many individuals need access to employment, healthcare, mental health services, and community support to maintain stable housing. There are setbacks and challenges too. People can lose their housing and end up back on the streets. People may not be able to sleep inside because they find it claustrophobic after years of living outside. The transition may be complicated – sometimes people sleep on the floor in the kitchen because they are not used to a bed and they need to re-learn how to live indoors in a home. This can take months. Without the right level of support people often end up on the street again because all the tasks associated with remaining in housing are overwhelming.

Fact: Many people who experience homelessness are eager to work but may face barriers such as gaps in employment history, lack of identification, or difficulty accessing transportation. Support services help bridge these gaps. Also access to well-being support services often needs to come first before a person can feel strong enough to set about finding work.

Fact: Homelessness often stems from complex issues such as family breakdown, financial hardship, family, and well-being health challenges. Life after homelessness requires holistic support beyond just housing.

Fact: With the right support systems in place—such as case management, life skills programs, and social connections—many individuals successfully transition into stable, long-term housing and employment.

Fact: Unfortunately, some individuals may experience cycles of homelessness due to financial instability, lack of social support, or ongoing challenges with mental health. Providing long-term assistance helps reduce the risk of returning to homelessness.

Fact: Community support remains crucial in helping individuals rebuild their lives, form relationships, and reintegrate into their community. Programs such as peer support groups, mentorship, and employment assistance play a key role.

Fact: Overcoming the experience of having been homeless requires access to opportunities and support systems. Structural factors such as affordable housing availability, higher rates of Jobseeker and other income support payments, fair wages, and well-being services are critical in helping individuals succeed.

Fact: The vast majority of people experiencing or journeying out of homelessness are not dangerous. They are individuals who have faced significant challenges and are working to rebuild their lives.

Fact: Social and public housing often have long waitlists, and emergency housing options are limited. Many people have to rely on temporary or unstable accommodations while seeking long-term solutions.

Fact: Many young people who have experienced homelessness go on to lead successful lives with the right support, including education programs, job training, and stable housing.

• Statistics locally, nationally / globally
• Example of support service(s) or program(s)
• Case study / comments from a person who has journeyed from homelessness

Aspects of life for the person journeying from homelessness to consider in your investigation –

• Daily Life: Learning routines, budgeting, and household responsibilities.
• Emotional Well-being: Rebuilding confidence about taking next steps after experiencing homelessness. and Overcoming stigma of having experienced Homelessness. Overcoming loneliness and isolation if new house is far from original community.
• Social Connections: Reconnecting with family, friends, and the community.
• Access to Resources: Getting support for healthcare, mental and well-being health. And lastly employment and education.

Also consider – Key Support Systems:

• Housing First Programs: Provides immediate housing without strict requirements. For example – Sacred Heart Mission’s J2SI program aim to provide immediate housing without requiring preconditions.
• Mental Health & Well-being: Access to counselling, group therapy, and recovery programs.
• Community Networks: Support from local support services, peer groups, and social workers.
• Employment & Education: Access to job training, resume help, and support services.

And wider benefits of supporting people on their journey from homelessness:

• Fewer people rely on emergency healthcare.
• Safer communities with reduced justice system interactions.
• More people contribute to the economy and society.

• Homelessness takes different forms – It’s not just sleeping outside; it can include staying in shelters, temporary accommodation, or moving between friends’ homes when stable housing is not available.
• Securing a safe and stable home is a crucial first step toward long-term stability. Programs like Housing First provide housing without requiring conditions such as employment or sobriety.
• Finding housing doesn’t mean all challenges disappear – Adjusting to independent living, managing finances, accessing healthcare, and rebuilding relationships are important steps in the transition.
• Community support plays a vital role – Social connections, mental health services, peer support and job training help people build confidence and stability.
• Homelessness impacts the whole community – It increases demand on healthcare, employment, and social services. When people are supported into stable housing, the entire community benefits.

Reflection Questions

• What is one new insight you gained from today’s discussion?
• In what ways can communities create a more supportive environment for people journeying from homelessness?
• What are some common challenges individuals might experience after securing housing, and how can they be navigated?

• Homelessness – Not having a stable or safe place to live. This can mean staying in shelters, with friends or family temporarily, or in places not meant for living.
• Transitional Housing – A temporary place to stay that includes support to help people find long-term housing.
• Affordable Housing – Homes that people on lower incomes can afford, often with government or services support.
• Support Services – Programs that help people with things like finding a job, education, health care, and managing money.
• Mental Health – A person’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions, which affect how they handle life’s challenges.
• Financial Literacy – Learning how to manage money, including budgeting and saving.
• Employment Readiness – Learning the skills and gaining the confidence to start or return to work.
• Social Connections – Building and maintaining relationships with friends, family, and the community.
• Case Management – When a worker helps someone make a plan to get the support they need to achieve stability.
• Stigma – Negative attitudes or unfair treatment that people may face because of their situation.
• Resilience – The ability to keep going and adapt, even when facing challenges.
• Community Support – Help from local groups, support services, and programs that assist people in rebuilding their lives.
• Life Skills Training – Learning everyday skills like cooking, cleaning, budgeting, and time management to live independently.
• Recovery Journey – The ongoing process of finding stability, setting goals, and working towards a positive future after experiencing homelessness.
• Tenant Rights – The rules that protect people renting a home, such as making sure they are treated fairly and not being forced to leave without reason.
• Well–being – Feeling healthy, safe, and supported in life, both physically and emotionally.
• Peer Support – Encouragement and advice from people who have been through similar experiences.
• Advocacy – Speaking up for people’s rights and making sure their needs are heard and respected.
• Crisis Accommodation – A safe, short-term place to stay for people who suddenly find themselves without a home.
• Independence – Being able to take care of yourself and make your own decisions with confidence

• How will you raise awareness about homelessness at the event (e.g., posters, speeches)?
• What materials do you need? (e.g., permissions, event space, promotional tools)
• How will you promote the event and get others involved?

Work individually, in pairs or small groups to create a detailed plan for your chosen advocacy activity.

• Fundraising Advocates:
  • Develop a basic plan that includes the event date, materials, timeline, promotion strategy, and which school members (teachers, administrators, student leadership) will need to be involved.
  • Consider the impact of the event in raising awareness and how to keep the messaging supportive and respectful of those experiencing homelessness.

Checklist, have you been clear about the following?

• The issue you want to advocate for.
• How you will raise awareness? (through digital tools, events, petitions, etc.)
• The specific action you want to encourage people to take.
• How to reach your target audience (schoolmates, teachers, local community, etc.).

• What specific homelessness-related issue would you like to address (e.g., housing, income support)?
• What action would you like your local council member to take?
• How will you write a respectful and persuasive email? (Remember to use clear, concise, and humanising language)

Work individually, in pairs or small groups to create a detailed plan for your chosen advocacy activity.

• Email Advocates:
  • Research your local council member and draft a persuasive, respectful email.
  • Focus on the desired action you want the council member to take and make sure the email is clear, respectful, and directly related to homelessness advocacy.

Checklist, have you been clear about the following?

• The issue you want to advocate for.
• How you will raise awareness? (through digital tools, events, petitions, etc.)
• The specific action you want to encourage people to take.
• How to reach your target audience (schoolmates, teachers, local community, etc.).

• The Power of Digital Media in Advocacy
  • Digital platforms (social media, blogs, videos, petitions) influence public opinion and drive social change.
  • Effective advocacy campaigns use persuasive messaging, storytelling, and multimedia content to engage audiences.
• How Media Shapes Political and Social Views
  • The media plays a crucial role in shaping how people perceive social issues.
  • Algorithms, targeted ads, and viral content impact what information people see and engage with.
• Creating Impactful Advocacy Content
  • Successful campaigns use clear, compelling messages with a strong call to action.
  • Visuals, videos, and personal stories help connect with audiences on an emotional level.
• Ethical Considerations in Digital Activism
  • Accuracy and credibility are essential—misinformation can harm a cause.
  • Respecting different perspectives and engaging in constructive discussions strengthens advocacy efforts.
• Your Role in Digital Advocacy
  • You can be a change-maker by using digital tools to raise awareness and support causes.

Small actions—sharing information, signing petitions, creating content—can contribute to larger movements.

• Advocacy – Speaking up or taking action to support a cause, person, or group. Advocacy helps bring attention to important issues and work towards positive change.
• Systemic Advocacy – Working to create change on a larger scale, such as in laws, policies, or community programs, to address issues affecting many people.
• Homelessness – When a person does not have a safe, stable, and secure place to live. This can include living in temporary housing, shelters, or moving frequently between places.
• Experiencing Disadvantage – Facing challenges that make it harder to access basic needs, like housing, education, or healthcare. This can happen due to unfair barriers in society, such as low income or discrimination.
• At Risk – Being in a situation where someone may face harm, hardship, or barriers to their well-being due to personal or social circumstances.
• Respectful Language – Using words that recognize a person’s dignity and avoid stereotypes or negative labels. For example, saying “a person experiencing homelessness” instead of “a homeless person.”
• Awareness Week – A set time dedicated to increasing public understanding of important social issues, such as Homelessness Week or Economic Justice Week.
• Petition – A formal request, signed by people, that asks leaders or decision-makers to take action on an issue. Petitions can be online or on paper.
• Local Representative (Council Member/MP) – An elected person who makes decisions on behalf of the community at a local, state, or national level. They can influence policies and laws related to social issues.

Websites

• Sacred Heart Mission: https://www.sacredheartmission.org/contact-us/ (Information on homelessness and SHM’s advocacy work)
• National Youth Commission of Australia: https://www.ayac.org.au/steering-committee (Resources on youth participation and activism)
• Youth Advocacy Network (Queensland): https://qai.org.au/ (Provides resources and training for young people who want to be advocates)
• Plan International Australia: https://www.plan.org.au/ (Offers resources and campaigns on social justice issues)
• Amnesty International Australia: https://www.amnesty.org.au/ (Information on human rights and how young people can get involved)

Videos

• TED-Ed: How to start a movement: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbaemWIljeQ
• The activism advantage: Greta Thunberg on why everyone can make a difference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuXaAv7i2ZM
• Youtuber Explains: How to Be an Activist (Even If You’re Shy): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1yNnmHvukw

Imagine recognizing a formerly well-known community member now experiencing homelessness.

One afternoon, while walking your dog through the park, you notice someone searching through a rubbish bin. At first, you don’t think much of it, but as you get closer, you recognise her—it’s Mrs. H, your old neighbour who used to greet you with a warm smile and offer you cookies after school. She always seemed so kind and full of energy, but now, she looks tired, and her clothes are worn. There’s a sadness in her eyes that you’ve never seen before.

Consider the emotions of a peer with an empty lunchbox.

As you walk with your friends, lunch in hand, your stomach growls in anticipation. Nearby, you notice a boy who looks a little older than you, staring down at his empty lunchbox. His expression is hard to read—maybe disappointment or frustration. He shifts uncomfortably, avoiding eye contact with anyone. After a moment, he quietly shakes his head and walks away, as if trying not to draw attention to himself.

Reflect on the struggles of sleeping rough in bad weather.

The rain is pouring down, and the air feels icy as you make your way home. As you pass a shopfront, you notice a young person sitting in the doorway, wrapped in a blanket. Raindrops splash onto the path around them. Their backpack looks soaked, and their worn-out shoes barely hold together against the wet ground. You wonder how long they’ve been sitting there and if they have somewhere warm to go.

Social safety nets are programs designed to help reduce the risk of people falling into homelessness due to sudden job loss, illness, or financial crisis. These include:

• Income support – Financial support for those who lose their jobs, allowing them to afford rent, food, and other essentials while searching for new work.
• Affordable housing programs – Government-supported housing that offers lower rent to individuals and families based on income, making housing more accessible.
• Emergency assistance – Programs that provide temporary financial aid for rent, utilities, or food to prevent homelessness before it happens.

A key way to help prevent homelessness is by investing in and ensuring people have the education and skills needed to secure stable employment. Systemic solutions focus on:

• Access to quality education – Schools and training programs that equip young people with the skills needed for well-paying jobs.
• Vocational training and apprenticeships – Hands-on training in industries with high job demand, such as construction, healthcare, or technology.
• Support for disadvantaged students – Programs that help young people from low-income or unstable backgrounds stay in school and succeed.

Government policies play a major role in reducing homelessness by addressing economic inequality and creating a fairer society. When governments prioritise these policies, they create a society where fewer people are at risk of losing their homes, and those who do experience homelessness have pathways to regain stability. Some important policies include:

• Minimum wage laws – Ensuring that people earn enough to afford basic living costs, reducing the risk of poverty.
• Rent control and tenant protections – Laws that limit rent increases and protect renters from unfair evictions.
• Accessible mental health care and recovery support – Funding for accessible healthcare, including mental health support and rehabilitation programs, to prevent homelessness caused by untreated health challenges.
• Public housing investment – Expanding the availability of affordable housing and ensuring safe, stable living conditions for people experiencing low-incomes.

Local Heroes: Our communities are full of heroes who help those experiencing poverty and homelessness. These heroes work in places like:

• Support Services: These services provide access to mental health care, recovery support, legal guidance, nutritious meals, long-term stability programs, and connections to other community organisations.
• Safe Housing Options: These programs offer short-term, stable, and secure accommodation for individuals and families seeking a safe place to stay while working toward long-term housing solutions.
• Community Food Programs: These services provide free or low-cost nutritious food to people experiencing food insecurity.
• Skills Development and Employment Support: These programs equip people with new skills, career training, and pathways to meaningful employment opportunities.

Case Study: Sacred Heart Mission’s – The Women’s house

A welcoming, safe and supportive engagement hub. The Women’s House in St Kilda is a welcoming, safe and supportive Engagement Hub tailored to the needs of all Women (Cis and Trans) who are experiencing homelessness, financial hardship or barriers to social inclusion and participation. The Women’s House strongly welcomes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and people from the LGBTIQA+ community who may have a gender diverse experience. Sacred Heart are committed to providing a culturally safe and inclusive space for everyone who visits the Women’s House.

Case Study: Queensland’s RentConnect Service

In Queensland, Australia, the RentConnect service assists individuals facing financial hardships in securing stable housing. For example, Amy Hopkins, a 27-year-old new mother, benefited from this program, which helped her navigate the rental market and avoid homelessness. RentConnect provides support with rental bonds and connects individuals directly with real estate agents, facilitating access to stable housing. ​couriermail.com.au

Case Study: Horizons for Children Experiencing Homelessness

In Massachusetts, USA, Horizons for Homeless Children provides early education and services for children and families experiencing homelessness. They operate an early childhood education centre and “playspaces” in shelters, offering safe environments for children to play and learn. They also assist parents with job searches and goal setting, addressing both immediate needs and long-term stability. ​Wikipedia

Case Study: Young Parents Education Program (YPEP)

In Melbourne, Australia, the Young Parents Education Program enables young parents to continue their education while caring for their children. For instance, Aahlia, a participant, pursued her dream of becoming a veterinary nurse while attending classes with her daughter, Amora. The program offers flexible learning environments, combining education with parenting support, aiming to reduce welfare dependence and improve family functioning. ​heraldsun.com.au

Case Study: Father Joe’s Villages Culinary Arts Program

In San Diego, USA, Father Joe’s Villages offers a Culinary Arts Program that provides vocational training to individuals experiencing homelessness. The 14-week program teaches cooking techniques, kitchen hygiene, and knife safety, preparing participants for careers in the culinary industry. Graduates often find the program transformative, gaining skills that lead to employment and stability. ​foodandwine.com

Case Study: The Way Home Initiative in Houston

In Houston, USA, “The Way Home” is a partnership of over 100 nonprofits that has significantly reduced homelessness through collaboration. Despite limited funding, the program’s practical approach balances public safety and compassion, addressing both immediate needs and systemic issues. Donations and volunteer engagement have been crucial in supporting this initiative. ​houstonchronicle.com

Case Study: UK’s Direct Cash Transfer Trial

The UK is conducting a trial to determine if providing direct cash transfers to individuals experiencing homelessness is more effective in reducing poverty than traditional aid methods. Funded by the government and conducted by King’s College London and the charity Greater Change, the study aims to understand the impact of direct financial support on homelessness. ​theguardian.com

• Empathy Matters – Understanding the experiences of people facing homelessness helps challenge stereotypes breaking down stigma and encourages compassion-driven solutions.
• Poverty is Systemic – Homelessness and poverty are not just personal choices; they result from systemic issues like high housing costs, job insecurity, and limited access to education and healthcare.
• Solutions Require Collective Action – Social safety nets, government policies, and community initiatives all play a role in preventing and addressing homelessness.
• Community Resources Make a Difference – Local organisations provide crucial support such as emergency housing, food programs, mental health services, and employment training.
• Everyone Can Contribute – Whether through volunteering, raising awareness, supporting advocacy efforts, or simply challenging myths about homelessness, small actions can create change.
• Critical Thinking is Key – Questioning assumptions about poverty, engaging in discussions, and exploring real-world solutions helps build informed and active citizens.
• Take Action – Consider ways to stay engaged beyond the classroom—support local initiatives, educate others, or use your skills to contribute to the fight against homelessness.

• Poverty: When a person or family does not have enough money or resources to meet basic needs such as food, housing, clothing, and healthcare.
• Homelessness: When a person does not have a stable, safe, or permanent place to live. This can include staying in shelters, temporary housing, or sleeping in unsafe conditions.
• Income Inequality: When money and wealth are not shared fairly across a population, with some people earning much more than others.
• Social Safety Net: Programs and services that help people meet their basic needs during tough times. These may include financial support, affordable housing, and access to food and healthcare.
• Systemic Factors: The bigger social and economic issues that make it harder for people to afford housing or escape poverty. Examples include high housing costs, barriers to education, healthcare access, and discrimination.
• Social Mobility: A person’s ability to improve their financial situation and quality of life through education, job opportunities, or support systems.
• Minimum Wage: The lowest amount of money employers are legally required to pay workers per hour.
• Housing Assistance: Programs that help people find and afford stable housing. This may include rent support or public housing options.
• Community Resources: Local services and organisations that provide support to people experiencing financial hardship or housing instability. Examples include food programs, job training, mental health support, and housing services.
• Empathy: The ability to understand and care about what someone else is going through.
• Volunteer: A person who gives their time and skills to help others without being paid.
• Advocacy: Speaking up and taking action to support a cause or help improve conditions for others.
• Data: Information that is collected and studied to understand problems like poverty and homelessness. This information helps create better solutions.
• Equity: Making sure everyone has fair access to opportunities and support, recognising that some people need extra help to overcome challenges.

• National Youth Commission (Australia): https://nycinquiry.org.au/ (Provides resources and information on youth homelessness and related issues)
• The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW): https://www.aihw.gov.au/ (Provides data and reports on homelessness in Australia)
• Homelessness Australia: https://homelessnessaustralia.org.au/ (Advocacy organization with information and resources on homelessness)
• Sacred Heart Mission: https://www.sacredheartmission.org/get-involved/be-an-ally/

Sarah is a single mother of two young children, Lily (age 5) and Ben (age 3), and works long hours as a checkout operator at a local supermarket to make ends meet. She loves her job, and her children are her entire world.

Unfortunately, on her way home from work one night, Sarah was involved in a car accident where she suffered a broken leg that required surgery. The medical bills piled up quickly, and Sarah was unable to work for several months while she was recovering. Sarah applied for temporary disability benefits, but the process was slow and challenging and the funds weren’t enough to cover her expenses.

With no income coming in, Sarah found herself struggling to pay for groceries, medical expenses, childcare and rent. Having to choose between feeding her family and other expenses, Sarah soon fell behind on her rental payments and the landlord issued an eviction notice. Sarah was heartbroken and with nowhere else to go, she and her children were forced to move into her friend’s spare bedroom.

David has been a successful businessman for over 20 years and has built his company from the ground up. He takes pride in providing a stable and healthy work environment for his employees.

However, the recent economic downturn has hit his industry hard. Sales have plummeted, and in an attempt to save the business David was forced to lay-off a number of staff members. Unfortunately, the cost-cutting measures weren’t enough, and David’s company eventually went bankrupt.

David lost everything. His house went into foreclosure, his savings were quickly depleted, and the shame of losing everything made him hesitant to reach out to friends or family for help and support. Feeling defeated and isolated, David ended up living on the streets, struggling to find his footing again.

For the last 14 years Emily has been living an enjoyable and comfortable life with her grandparents Agnes and Harold. After her parents tragically passed away in a car accident, Agnes and Harold took her in without hesitation. They raised Emily with love and support, and she considered them her second parents.

Unfortunately, When Emily turned 17, Harold’s health began to decline rapidly. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and required 24/7 care. Her grandmother, Agnes, now in her late 70s, couldn’t manage on her own. Their house became too much to maintain financially, and they were forced to move into residential care.

Unable to live with her grandparents and having no other living relatives, Emily was forced to couch surf at friends’ places. She found herself juggling school, constantly moving from house to house and a part-time job at a local cafe which barely covered living expenses. After a few months, Emily found herself at a homeless shelter, feeling lost and uncertain about the future.

Homelessness is a complex issue, and there is rarely a single cause. Often, multiple factors combine, making it harder for individuals to find stable housing.

Some key factors include:

• Family and domestic violence – Many people, especially women and children, may have to leave their homes suddenly to stay safe. They might not have access to financial or emotional support, which puts them at risk of homelessness.
• Unstable or unsafe home environments for young people – Some young people may not have a safe place to live due to family conflict, neglect, or a lack of support. This could be due to experiences such as parental substance use, rejection from family (e.g., in the case of LGBTQIA+ youth), or the loss of a caregiver.
• Mental health challenges – If someone cannot access the right support for their mental health, it can affect their ability to keep a job or manage stable housing. Without proper care, they may be at greater risk of experiencing homelessness.
• Physical health issues – Long-term health conditions or disabilities can make it difficult to work and cover the costs of housing, medical care, and daily needs. If there is little financial or social support, maintaining stable housing can become a challenge.
• Lack of affordable housing – In many areas, the cost of housing is too high for people on low or unstable incomes. Without access to safe, affordable, and long-term housing, people may experience homelessness.
• Financial hardship – This can be caused by job loss, the rising cost of living, sudden expenses (such as medical bills), or not having enough savings or government support to afford essentials like rent, food, and healthcare.
• Unemployment or underemployment – Losing a job or not earning enough to cover basic living costs can make it difficult to afford housing, especially if there are few safety nets in place.
• Substance use – Some people use drugs or alcohol as a way to cope with stress or past trauma. If addiction becomes a challenge, it can impact their ability to work, maintain housing, or manage finances.
• Experiences of trauma – People who have gone through deeply distressing experiences, such as family violence, abuse, or war, may struggle to access support and feel safe. This can make it harder to maintain stable housing.
• Gaps in support after leaving government care or services – Some people leaving hospital care, foster care, mental health facilities, or the justice system may not have a safe place to live or the support they need to transition back into the community. Without a stable home, they can become at risk of homelessness.

These factors often overlap, creating complex challenges for people experiencing homelessness. Understanding these causes helps us recognise that homelessness is not a choice—it is often the result of circumstances beyond a person’s control.

• Identify one stereotype about homelessness you want to challenge?
• What facts or real stories from the video can help break this stereotype?
• How can we spread awareness and encourage kindness?

Create a mini-action plan for how you can challenge stereotypes and support people experiencing homelessness.

Examples include:

• Spreading awareness on social media – Write a short, impactful message challenging a stereotype and include a fact or personal story from the video.
• Poster or Infographic: Design a visual that educates people on the realities of homelessness.
• Class Pledge: Work together to create a list of small actions students can take to challenge stereotypes and show kindness in daily life.
• Short Speech or Video Script: Prepare a short speech (1-2 minutes) as if they were explaining to someone why homelessness is misunderstood.

Display your action plans around the classroom. Walk around, read the ideas, and leave positive feedback or additional suggestions.

Changing stereotypes starts with awareness. The more we learn and share, the more we help create a fairer and more compassionate community. Consider:

• One thing I learned today…
• One way I can challenge stereotypes…
• One action I can take to make a difference…

Write a short response to: “How did today’s lesson change the way you think about homelessness?”

Homelessness means not having a safe, stable, or secure place to live. It can look different for different people—some may sleep on the streets, while others stay in temporary shelters or move between friends’ homes. Many people experiencing homelessness have little control over their living situation and often lack support from family or friends, making it even harder to find stability.

Describe what you see in the image – Focus on details—people, objects, actions, or expressions.

Consider what is happening and why. What might be the story behind what you see?

Ask questions. What do you want to know more about? What is unclear or surprising?

What image comes to your mind when you ‘visualise’ a person experiencing homelessness? The image below shows a person ‘rough sleeping’ – are there other places a person experiencing homelessness might sleep?

Write down your responses individually, share in pairs, discuss in larger groups

1. What are some different circumstances that can lead to homelessness?
2. How does being priced out of the housing market affect different groups of people?
3. Why might someone experiencing homelessness have difficulty trusting others or engaging with support services?
4. How can wraparound support services help individuals transition out of homelessness?
5. What role do family networks and community connections play in preventing and addressing homelessness?
6. How did the individual in the case study change over time, and what personal strengths contributed to their progress?
7. What challenges did they face even after being housed, and how were these challenges addressed?
8. Why is it important for people experiencing homelessness to have access to stable relationships and employment opportunities?
9. What impact did re-connecting with their daughter have on the individual in the case study?
10. How can society better support people transitioning from homelessness to stable housing?

You can copy and paste the questions and write your answers into the text box below

Think about the following questions and discuss or write your responses.

1. Why do some people experience unstable housing?
2. Do you think everyone has an equal chance of having a safe and stable home? Why or why not?
3. Did this activity make you think differently about the meaning of “home”?
4. What are some of the things communities can do to help everyone have access to safe, secure and stable housing?

You can copy and paste the questions and write your answers into the text box below

Work in small groups: each group investigates homelessness in a different region of the world

• Developed nations (USA, UK, Germany – linked to housing affordability, economic downturns).
• Developing nations (India, Brazil – linked to slums, informal housing, displacement).
• Crisis-affected regions (Ukraine, Syria – linked to war, forced migration).

Research resources for Global Context

• United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat): https://unhabitat.org/
• World Bank – Housing & Slums Report: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment
• Street Child – Global Education & Homelessness – https://street-child.org/
• Human Rights Watch – Housing & Homelessness – https://www.hrw.org/topic/economic-justice-and-rights/housing
• Our World in Data – Homelessness Data –https://ourworldindata.org/homelessness

Each group presents findings on:

• Causes and government responses.
• Social impacts and barriers to solutions.
• Similarities and differences with Australia.

1. How did societal factors contribute to Luke’s experience of homelessness?
2. What role did support networks (such as Tania and community housing) play in Luke’s recovery?
3. How can financial support, such as an increase in JobSeeker, impact the overall health and wellbeing of individuals experiencing homelessness?

You can copy and paste the questions and write your answers into the text box below

1. How do Luke’s experiences reflect broader issues of social inequality?
2. What human rights are at risk when people experience homelessness? How does this impact social cohesion?
3. Luke highlights the importance of community integration rather than segregation in public housing. How does this contribute to a more inclusive society?

You can copy and paste the questions and write your answers into the text box below

1. Do you think governments have a moral obligation to provide adequate financial and housing support to people like Luke? Why or why not?
2. Luke continues to help others despite his own struggles. What does this tell us about resilience and the role of empathy in social issues?
3. Some people believe homelessness is an individual responsibility, while others argue it is a systemic issue. What do you think? Justify your response with evidence from the case study.
4. How did hearing this person’s story change your perception of homelessness?

You can copy and paste the questions and write your answers into the text box below

Summarize the key points discussed about:

• safe, secure, and stable housing compared to unsafe or unstable living situations
• the realities for people experiencing homelessness globally
• some societal factors which contribute to people experiencing Homelessness locally

• Homelessness – Not having a safe, secure, or stable place to live. It can look different for everyone — some people might sleep outside, others stay with friends or in shelters.
• Complex Issues – Big, difficult problems that are often connected, like money struggles, family challenges, mental health, or trouble finding safe housing.
• Presentations (to our SHM services) – When someone asks for help from a support service, like Sacred Heart Mission (SHM), to get things like housing, food, healthcare, or other support.
• Resources – Things that help people meet their needs — like food, housing, healthcare, counselling, or financial assistance.
• Wrap-Around Support Services – A range of support services that work together to help someone with everything they need — from housing and healthcare to emotional support and job search resources.
• Disengaged with Supports – When someone steps away or stops using support services, often because they feel frustrated, overwhelmed, or unsure if the help is working for them.
• Reluctant to Engage – Feeling unsure or nervous about asking for help or trusting services, sometimes because of difficult past experiences.
• Unit – A small apartment or flat where someone can live independently.
• Rough Sleeping – Sleeping outside in public places like parks, streets, or cars because there is no safe place to stay.
• Couch Surfing – Staying at different friends’ or family members’ houses for short periods because there is no stable home to live in.
• Priced Out of the Housing Market – When housing is too expensive, making it hard for people to afford rent or buy a home.
• Navigate the System – Learning how to find and access support services, like housing or healthcare, which can often feel complicated or confusing.
• Disclosing Information – Sharing personal details with support services — like health, family, or housing struggles — so they can provide the right kind of help.
• Call Centre – A workplace where people answer phone calls to help customers or provide information.
• Supervised Visits – When a parent and child spend time together while another adult is present to make sure everyone feels safe and supported.
• Corporate jobs – Jobs that are part of large businesses or companies, often involving office work like finance, marketing, or management.
• GreenLight Plus Program – is a collaborative initiative led by Sacred Heart Mission in partnership with The Salvation Army. It is designed to support individuals who have experienced chronic homelessness, particularly those who were placed in emergency hotel accommodations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The program assists participants in accessing stable housing, maintaining their tenancies, and fostering connections within their communities.
• Temporarily housed – When someone has a place to stay for a short period, like in shelters or emergency accommodation, but it’s not a permanent home.
• Donors – People or organisations who give money, resources, or support to help others or to support charities.
• My super – Refers to superannuation — money saved by workers in Australia for retirement. It can sometimes be accessed early in hard times.
• Debilitating pain – Severe pain that makes it difficult to carry out daily activities, like walking, working, or even getting out of bed.
• Neurological condition – A medical condition that affects the brain, nerves, or spinal cord. It can change how someone moves, feels, or thinks.
• Chronic pain – Pain that lasts for a long time — usually months or years — and doesn’t go away easily, even with treatment.
• WorkCover – A system in Australia that helps people if they get injured or sick because of their job, offering support like payments or medical care.
• JobSeeker payment – A payment from the Australian government to help people who are looking for work or can’t work for a short time.
• Disability Support Pension (DSP) – A payment from the Australian government to support people who have a disability, injury, or long-term health condition that makes it hard to work.
• I turned a corner – A phrase that means someone’s situation started to improve after a tough or difficult time.
• Whitegoods – Large household appliances like fridges, washing machines, and ovens that help people with everyday tasks at home.
• To pick someone up out of the gutter – A saying that means helping someone who is struggling, whether it’s with homelessness, health, or other difficulties.
• Pitiful amount – A very small or unfair amount of money that isn’t enough to meet basic needs.
• Public and community housing – Affordable housing provided by the government or non-profit organizations to help people who can’t afford private rent.
• Blended into the community – When someone is part of a community where they feel welcome and included, without standing out because of their housing or background.
• Not segregated – When people of all backgrounds live together in a community rather than being separated based on their income, housing type, or other differences.

Youth homelessness is a serious issue because young people experiencing homelessness face many challenges that can affect their future. According to the 2021 census, 28,204 young people in Australia were experiencing homelessness. This can make it harder for them to stay in school, find work, build strong social connections, and access basic health care and hygiene. The impacts of homelessness can be felt in both the short and long term, affecting their opportunities and well-being.

Youth homelessness in Australia refers to individuals aged 12 to 24 who do not have a safe, stable, or permanent place to live.

This can include:

• Living on the streets: Sleeping in public spaces such as parks or doorways.
• Couch surfing: Staying temporarily with friends, family, or acquaintances, often without a permanent place to stay.
• Overcrowded housing: Living in a home with too many people, which can create unsafe or uncomfortable conditions.
• Inadequate housing: Living in a place that is unsafe, unhealthy, or not suitable for living.

(Source: The ABS 2021 Census data)

Homelessness is not something anyone chooses. The main reasons young people experience homelessness include family or domestic violence, family breakdowns, living in overcrowded or unsafe housing, or facing a housing crisis.

Also the current social housing system fails to effectively support young people at risk of or experiencing homelessness. While 26 per cent per cent of the homeless population in Australia are young people, only 3.1 per cent of social housing properties are leased to young people across Australia.

(Source: Social Housing Regulation Review, YACVic 2021)

Young women and girls (12 to 24 years) had a homelessness rate of 70 people per 10,000 in 2021, up from 68 in 2016 and were more likely than young men and boys to be:

• in supported accommodation for the homeless (26.6%, compared with 20.3% of young men and boys)
• staying temporarily with other households (9.9%, compared with 8.5% of young men and boys).

Young men and boys (12 to 24 years) had a homelessness rate of 71 people per 10,000 in 2021, down from 77 in 2016 and were more likely than girls to be:

• living in improvised dwellings, tents, or sleeping out (2.3%, compared with 2.0% of females)
• living in boarding houses (15.0%, compared with 10.4% of females)
• living in ‘severely’ crowded dwellings (52.0%, compared with 49.1% of females).

(Source: The ABS 2021 Census data)

Youth homelessness providers commonly estimate that at least 25% of all homelessness clients are LGBTQIA+, with an increasing number of transgender clients in recent years.

Discrimination based on sexual or gender identity is a key factor contributing to homelessness for LGBTQIA+ youth.

• 23.6% of participants had experienced some form of homelessness in their lifetime, with 11.5% experiencing it in the past 12 months.
• Trans and gender diverse participants faced the highest risk:
  • 19.5% of trans men and 17.6% of trans women had been homeless in the past year.
  • 41.3% of trans women and 39.3% of trans men had ever been homeless.
  • 26.0% of all LGBTQA+ participants reported that their homelessness was directly linked to being LGBTQA+, with trans men (45.2%) and trans women (37.9%) most affected.

(Source: Homelessness Australia and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) and Writing Themselves In 4 – The health and wellbeing of LGBTQA+ young people in Australia 2020-2021 Latrobe University

• In 2021, 24,930 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people are estimated to be experiencing homelessness, accounting for 20.4% of the homeless population in Australia.
• Approximately 4 in 10 First Nations people experiencing homelessness are aged 18 or under.

(Source: The ABS 2021 Census data)

Simultaneously, a lack of money for many young people due to the low rates of Newstart and Youth Allowance, and an unaffordable housing rental market, make it extremely difficult for young people to find timely, affordable housing.

Young people in YACVic’s report emphasised how difficult it is to get by on Newstart and Youth Allowance, even for their basic expenses.

“Right now, a young person on $600 per fortnight under Youth Allowance and Rent Assistance can’t cover their basic average expenses of $782 each fortnight (rent, groceries, bills, healthcare, transport and other incidentals),” says Ms Ellis.

“No-one should have to choose between a roof over their head and physical or emotional safety. But right now, some young people are having to choose between paying rent and paying for necessities like food or transport.”

“We must raise the rate of Newstart and Youth Allowance by $95 a week now. This is supported by most relevant organisations, from the Business Council of Australia to the Australian Council of Social Service.

“It is an extremely effective measure towards ending homelessness, because it helps young people afford housing.”

For Gemma, it costs 73% of her Youth Allowance* and Rent Assistance* to afford a single bedroom in shared accommodation, over an hour away from her university. Such stress has pushed her to contemplate ending her own life.

“Where could I get food? Soap? Can I sleep at uni in between my classes? How do I live for tomorrow and the next day?’ These were the questions I focussed on,” says Gemma.

Discrimination in rental market and social housing allocation

Young people in YACVic’s report shared their experience of navigating the difficult rental market, and systemic discrimination which prevents young people from finding a safe place to live.

“Fewer than 1% of rentals in metropolitan Melbourne are affordable for a young person on income support; 24% for those working on minimum wage,” says Ms Ellis.

“And even if they do find a property, the real estate agents will often discriminate against young people’s applications due to stereotyping of young people as bad tenants.

“Or the property itself won’t meet minimum requirements to live safely. Young people are often the ones living in properties with unusable bathrooms, unsafe kitchens, and bedrooms infested with pests.

“These types of properties are unacceptable for any person and demonstrate the need for better quality affordable rentals.”

The report also notes that, if young people decide to apply for social housing instead of the private rental market, they will join a queue of 51,551 people who are on the waiting list. And face systemic discrimination.

“Social housing providers make their income from a percentage of tenants’ income, and since young people’s incomes are generally lower, they are less financially viable and consequently, social housing providers are less willing to house young people,” says Ms Ellis.

“The social housing model is broken and discriminates directly against young people.”

“I just want to feel safe and heard”

–Gemma

Names have been de-identified to protect anonymity.

Youth Affairs Council Victoria ‘Young people call on Government to commit to ending youth homelessness’ (published 18 March 2020)

Youth Allowance:

Youth Allowance is a financial payment from the Australian Government to help young people aged 16 to 24 (or up to 25 in some cases) who are studying or training full-time. It is designed to assist with living costs while students focus on their education or apprenticeship.

Rent Assistance:

Rent Assistance is a separate payment from the Australian Government to help people with the cost of their rent.

There are eligibility requirements and different factors that will impact the amount of Youth Allowance and Rent Assistance a youth will receive. For the latest information, see the links in the Additional Resources section.